Tajikistan is a unitary state with presidential form of government. In the administrative territorial divided into Sogd, Khatlon, Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region and districts of republican subordination. The capital and the surrounding eight districts form a separate administrative-territorial unit. Major cities: Dushanbe, Kulyab, Coogan-Tube Garm Murghab Khorog.

The capital city of Dushanbe, formed by the merger of three small settlements along the rivers of the Hissar valley Varzob and Kafarnigan. Officially, considered the capital of Dushanbe in 1924.

In the Republic of Tajikistan in accordance with the Constitution (adopted on November 6, 1994, and amended in September 1999 and June 2003) set a presidential form of government. The President is elected by popular vote for a term of 7 years.

Official language - Tajik, Tajik dialect of Persian called language. Language belongs to the Iranian branch of Indo-Iranian Indo-European languages. Language common in parts of Uzbekistan, Samarkand, Bukhara, and in large parts of northern Afghanistan. The discrepancy with the classical Persian language was approximately in the fifteenth century AD Now the Tajik language is very different from the Persian language phonetically. Nevertheless, understanding the Tajiks with native literary Persian language is preserved to this day.

National currency of Tajikistan - TJS 1 (equal to 100 dirams). Put into circulation banknotes 1,5,20, 50 dirams and 1, 5,10, 20 and 100 Somoni. All dirams reserved watermark in the form of a stylized bird, as well as zaschiinoy thread to the right of center. In addition, 20 Somoni bills and higher denominations on the right on the front side there is a broad band hologram.

In Tajikistan, representatives of more than 80 nationalities, including tadzhikik-80%, Uzbek 15.3%, Russian - 1.1%, Tatars - 0.3%. The vast majority of Tajiks profess Sunni Islam. In Badakhshan, the Education Department is most common Shia Ismaili direction.

The climate of Tajikistan is very diverse: subtropical in the low valleys, moderately warm in the middle layers of the mountains and the cold in their higher parts. Its characteristics are determined by the place in the general circulation of the atmosphere, solar radiation, significantly, a change of air masses of different seasons of the year, the mountain relief.